Ese ni byiza guha insimburamashereka umwana utarageza amezi atandatu avutse?

Ubusanzwe ubushakashatsi bwakozwe n’ikigo cy’igihugu cy’ibarurishamibare muri  DSH 2019-2020, bwerekana ko ikigero cy’ababyeyi bonsa abana babo mu mezi atandatu nta kindi babavangiye kigenda kigabanuka.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko mu mwaka w’2020, mu babyeyi ijana bonsa bari bafite abana bari munsi y’amezi atandatu, 81 muribo aribo babonkeje nta kindi babavangiye.  Mugihe mu mwaka w’ 2015, bari 87.

Iruhande rw’ibi kandi, imibare y’abana bonkejwe gusa bafite hagati y’amezi ane kugeza kuri atanu nayo yagabanutseho 12 %, aho mu mwaka w’2020, mu bana 100 bo mu kigero nk’icyo tumaze kuvuga, 68 gusa aribo bonkejwe nta kindi bavangiwe. Mugihe mu mwaka w’ 2015, abonkejwe gusa bari hafi 81. [80.8%].

Ibi byerekana ko ababyeyi baha abana babo imfashabere/insimburamashereka mbere yuko bageza ku mezi atandatu bakomeje kwiyongera.

Umubyeyi utuye mu ntara y’Iburasirazuba ariko agakorera mu mujyi mu wa Kigali, yabwiye INGERI ko ubu afite umwana w’amezi umunani yatangiye guha imfashabere afite amezi ane gusa.

Avuga ko yashoje ikiruhuko cy’amezi ane yaramaze kumenya uko azaha insimbura-mashereka umwana we.

Ati: “ njyewe nabyaye nariteganyirije n’ukwezi kw’ikiruhuko gihabwa buri mukozi kugira ngo nzonse neza nibura amezi ane. Muri icyo gihe narinzi ko nziyonkereza neza umwana wanjye nta kindi muvangiye.  Ariko kuko nagombaga kugaruka mu kazi, nahise ntangira kumushyira ku mata, nkayamuha rimwe na rimwe  kuko nayo yarayangaga.”

“ kuko iyo uri mu kazi, nk’umubyeyi uba uhangayitse ndetse buri kanya ubaza amakuru ye. Ubwo njyewe nari narabajije umuntu ambwira ko hari celelac z’abana b’amezi ane ndetse n’umutobe w’imbuto, ubwo biba ngombwa ko mbimushakira nkabisiga kugira ngo mbone uko nkora akazi ariko nzi ko hari icyo umwana namusigiye.”

Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abahanga mu bw’ubuzima n’imirire siko babibona. Bavuga ko umwana agomba konka nibura amezi atandatu ya mbere nta kindi kintu avangiwe, uretse igihe yarwaye muganga akaba yamwandikira ibitonyanga [nk’imiti]. Ibi bivuze ko nta kindi kintu kigomba kugera mu kanwa ku mwana atarageza amezi atandatu avutse.

Bavuga ko nyuma y’aya mezi aribwo umwana ashobora guhabwa imfashabere ariko nabwo agakomeza konka  kugeza nibura ku mezi 24 avutse [ni ukuvuga imyaka ibiri ],  kuko byamurinda kurwaragurika, kugira imirire mibi, ndetse no kugwingira.

Machara Faustin; inzobere ishinzwe imirire y’umwana n’umubyeyi mu kigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe imikurire no kurengera umwana [NCDA], avuga ko amashereka ariryo gaburo ryonyine ryujuje ibyangombwa rigombwa guhabwa umwana utaruzuza amezi atandatu.

Ati: “amashereka ni igaburo ryujuje ibyangombwa, ryujuje intungamubiri umwana akenera haba mu bwinshi, haba no mu bwiza. Bituma umwana akura neza. Icya kabiri, inzira y’igogora y’umwana w’uruhinja iba itarakura, iba ikimeze nk’umwana. Usibye amashereka gusa, nta kindi cyorohera inzira y’igogora y’umwana. Kuba arimo intungamubiri ntarware imirire mibi, ntagwingire, bigasubira bikorohereza inzira y’igogora y’umwana, izo mpamvu ebyiri zirahagije kugira ngo twonse abana mu mezi atandatu ya mbere.”

“amashereka ni ibiryo bihiye, bidasaba gutegura, bidasaba inkwi, gaz, ….kugira ngo tuze kubisimbuza n’ibindi hari ingaruka zabyo.”

Iruhande rw’ibi kandi, anavuga ko umwana uvangiwe mbere y’aya mezi aba afite ibyago byo kwibasirwa n’indwara zishobora kumuganisha no ku rupfu.

Ati: “ indwara zikunze kuzahaza abana nk’ impiswi: nta mwana uri ku ibere wonka gusa ukunze kurwara impiswi. Hari indwara y’umusonga, indwara y’umuhaha…izo ndwara zizahaza abana bakiri batoya…ni indwara zica abana benshi yaba ku rwego rw’isi no mu Rwanda, ziri mu mpamvu abana bapfa. Umwana wonka izo ndwara zimubaho gake gashoboka ugereranyije n’umwana utaronse.”

 “Urabona gufata ariya mata twita insimburamashereka [ariko atari nayo], kuyateka, kuyabika, kuyakoraho… bifite ingaruka nyinshi zo kuyanduza bigatuma umwana arwara za ndwara nakubwiye. “

 “ kuvangira umwana utarageza amezi atandatu, hari ibyago byinshi byo kurwara za ndwara. Aya mata yandi, ay’inka yo yareke ntitwongere kuyavuga ku mwana uri munsi y’amezi atandatu. Aya yemewe y’insimburamashereka, nayo mu maburakindi.”

Avuga ko nibura aya mata ashobora gukoreshwa kubw’amaburakindi, Ati: “Ibyago ….ababyeyi barapfa, umwana akabura andi mahirwe yo konka. Icyo gihe nibwo dushobora kongera gukoresha ziriya nsimbura-mashereka. No ku bikombe byayo uzasome handitseho ko ari amaburakindi, ibiryo byiza by’umwana uri munsi y’amezi atandatu ari amashereka.”

Ababyeyi bakeneye kubona uburyo buborohereza konsa bari mu kazi.

Ubusanzwe akazi niko kaza imbere mu mahitamo umubyeyi wonsa agira hagati yako n'umwana, kuko abenshi bumva batakomeza konsa gusa umwana kugeza ku mezi atandatu nta kindi bamubangiye. 

Ababyeyi bagaragaza ko kuba bahabwa ikiruhuko kiri munsi y’amezi atandatu, bigasaba ko basubira mu kazi umwana ataronka cya gihe gisabwa [ konka gusa], ari yo mpamvu ituma umwana ahabwa imfashabere imburagihe: nk’amata [urugero France lait...], umutobe w’imbuto n’ibindi….

Icyakora Faustin Machara; inzobere mu mirire y’umubyeyi n’umwana muri NCDA, avuga ko nta mpamvu nimwe yabuza umubyeyi konsa umwana we amezi atandatu kuko nta buzima bukwiye kugurana kwima umwana amashereka muri icyo gihe.

Avuga ko hari ubundi buryo buhari  umubyeyi yakwifashisha, Ati: “ twigisha ababyeyi gukama amashereka bakayasigira abana, bakayanywa. Kandi hari ababikoze birakunda, birashoboka.  icy’ingenzi ni ukumva akamaro ko konsa kuko iyo yabimenye [umubyeyi] areba uko abikora. Nko gukama amashereka akayasiga, muby’ukuri ni amahitamo twumva ashobora korohera abantu.”

Anavuga ko n’abakoresha bakwiye gufasha umubyeyi kubona uburyo bwo konsa umwana

Ati: “Turimo turakangurira abakoresha gushyiraho aho ababyeyi bonkereza. (…) turimo turabivuga ariko tubifitiye n’ibihamya kuko hariho abantu benshi babitangiye ku buryo abatarabitangira bazatugane tubereke aho byatangiye.”

Ashimangira ko kujyana umwana ku kazi k’umubyeyi akanamwonkerezayo byafasha umubyeyi gukora atuje ndetse agatanga umusaruro mu kazi kurushaho.

Ibi kandi bishimangirwa n’ababyeyi bakorera ahantu bashiriweho icyumba cyo konkerezamo [nko mu mujyi wa Kigali], ndetse no kubika amashereka bakamiye abana.